Whiplash is a term that is used to describe a neck injury
caused by a sudden movement of the head (typically rapid extension followed by flexion). It sprains (overstretches) the
ligaments in the neck and damages tendons, causing pain, stiffness and a loss
of movement in the neck. It is a common injury that often follows road
accidents, usually when the vehicle is hit from behind.
Grade 1 = Stiffness and tenderness but not physical signs and no loss of mobility
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Grade 4 = Neck complaints. Fracture, dislocation or injury to spinal cord
Symptoms
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Neck swelling
- Reduced neck ROM
- Headaches
- Back pain
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
- Muscle spasms
- Pain in shoulder or arms
However symptoms may not present for several years.
Treatment
- Refer for x-ray if concerned
- Rest but not immobility
- Soft tissue massage
- Ice and heat
- ROM exercises
- Pain control
The outlook for whiplash will vary depending on how severely
the next has been sprained. The recovery time may take a few weeks if the
ligaments and tendons are only slightly damaged. However in severe cases the
injuries can last for several months of even years.
One study found that the average recovery time was 32 days,
and that out of 2,627 participants 12% had not recovered from chronic whiplash
six months later.
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